Comparing and Contrasting Data Distributions

10 min

Narrative

This Math Talk focuses on calculating the mean of a set of numbers. It encourages students to think about symmetry and to rely on the structure of the distribution to mentally solve problems. The strategies elicited here will be helpful later in the lesson when students examine and describe distributions.

To mentally calculate the mean, students need to look for and make use of structure (MP7).

This is the first Math Talk activity in the course. See the Launch for extended instructions for facilitating this activity successfully.

Launch

This is the first time students do the Math Talk instructional routine, so it is important to explain how it works before starting.

Explain the Math Talk routine: One problem is displayed at a time. For each problem, students are given a few minutes to quietly think and give a signal when they have an answer and a strategy. The teacher selects students to share different strategies for each problem, and might ask questions like “Who thought about it a different way?” The teacher records students' explanations for all to see. Students might be asked to provide more details about why they decided to approach a problem a certain way. It may not be possible to share every possible strategy for the given limited time, so the teacher may gather only two or three distinctive strategies per problem.

Consider establishing a small, discreet hand signal that students can display to indicate that they have an answer they can support with reasoning. This signal could be a thumbs-up, a certain number of fingers that tells the number of responses they have, or another subtle signal. This is a quick way to see if the students have had enough time to think about the problem. It also keeps students from being distracted or rushed by hands being raised around the class.

Display one problem at a time. Give students quiet think time for each problem, and ask them to give a signal when they have an answer and a strategy. Keep all problems displayed throughout the talk. Follow with a whole-class discussion.

Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions. To support working memory, provide students with sticky notes or mini whiteboards.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Organization

Student Task

Evaluate the mean of each data set mentally.

    • 27
    • 30
    • 33
    • 61
    • 71
    • 81
    • 91
    • 101
    • 0
    • 100
    • 100
    • 100
    • 100
    • 0
    • 5
    • 7
    • 12

Sample Response

  • 30. Sample reasoning: 27 is 3 below 30, 33 is 3 above 30, and 30 is right at 30, so 30 is the average because it is right in the center of all 3 numbers.
  • 81. Sample reasoning: 61 and 101 balance each other out by being 20 away on each side of 81. Similarly, 71 and 91 balance each other out by being 10 away on either side.
  • 80. Sample reasoning: The numbers add up to 400, and 400÷5=80400 \div 5 = 80.
  • 6. Sample reasoning: 0 and 12 balance each other out by being 6 away on each side of 6. 5 and 7 also balance each other out by being 1 away on each side of 6.
Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

Ask students to share their strategies for each problem. Record and display their responses for all to see. To involve more students in the conversation, consider asking:

  • “Who can restate ___’s reasoning in a different way?”
  • “Did anyone have the same strategy but would explain it differently?”
  • “Did anyone solve the problem in a different way?”
  • “Does anyone want to add on to __’s strategy?”
  • “Do you agree or disagree? Why?”

Although all correct methods for solving for the mean are valid, highlight the use of symmetry in the data. In previous lessons, students learned that symmetric distributions have a mean in the center of the data. When symmetry is present, it can be used to quickly discover the mean.

Math Community

After the Warm-up, display the revised Math Community Chart created from student responses in Exercise 3. Tell students that today they are going to monitor for two things:

  • “Doing Math” actions from the chart that they see or hear happening.
  • “Doing Math” actions that they see or hear that they think should be added to the chart.

Provide sticky notes for students to record what they see and hear during the lesson.

MLR8 Discussion Supports. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their strategy. For example, “First, I _____ because . . . .” or “I noticed _____ so I . . . .” Some students may benefit from the opportunity to rehearse what they will say with a partner before they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Anticipated Misconceptions

If students struggle to use symmetry as a method for finding the mean, consider asking them to find the mean for the values: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Standards
Addressing
  • HSS-ID.A.2·Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets.
  • S-ID.2·Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets.
  • S-ID.2·Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets.
  • S-ID.2·Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets.

25 min

10 min