Modeling Exponential Behavior

5 min

Narrative

This Warm-up prompts students to think about how changing the graphing window influences what you can see and understand about an exponential function.

Student Task

Here is a graph of a function, ff, defined by f(x)=400(0.2)xf(x)=400 \boldcdot (0.2)^x.

<p>Graph of a function on grid, origin O. Horizontal axis, x, from 0 to 40 by 10's. Vertical axis, y, from 0 to 1,000, by 500's. Line crosses  y axis at 0 comma 400, quickly decreasing then running horizontal to x axis.</p>

  1. Identify the approximate graphing window shown.
  2. Suggest a new graphing window that would:

    1. make the graph more informative or meaningful.
    2. make the graph less informative or meaningful.
    Be prepared to explain your reasoning.

Sample Response

  1. 0<x></x></span>, and <span class="math">\(0< y<1,100 (or equivalent).
  2. Sample responses:
    1. 0<x<100< x <10 and 0<y></y></span>. This window would include <span class="math">\(x values where meaningful changes happen and exclude the parts where the changes are very small. The yy values are limited to values that matter, between 0 and 400, allowing us to see more clearly the changes in that range.
    2. \text-10 <x></x></span> and <span class="math">\(10<y></y></span>. This window would show a lot of useless <span class="math">\(x values and cut off the yy values at 100, which would hide the behavior of the function when xx is between 0 and 1.
Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

Invite students to share some suggestions for a graphing window that are more helpful and those that are less helpful. Ask them to explain their reasoning.

Help students understand that, as a general rule, the xx values to show for a graph are usually determined by the quantity we are interested in studying. The yy values need to be selected carefully so that:

  • Data of interest shows up on the graph.
  • Interesting trends (of increase or decrease) are as visible as possible.

If time permits, discuss:

  • “Why does the graph show such a sharp decrease between xx values of 0 and 2 and then start to flatten out?” (The decay factor is 0.2, which means that whenever xx increases by 1, it loses 0.8 of its quantity and keeps only 0.2. That decay is more apparent when the quantity is larger. As it gets smaller, and given the scale of the graph, it is harder to see the change. For example, when xx increases from 0 to 1, f(x)f(x) decreases by 320, because (0.8)400=320(0.8) \boldcdot 400=320. But when xx increases from 2 to 3, f(x)f(x) decreases by (0.8)16(0.8) \boldcdot 16 (or 10.8), which is a much smaller drop.)
Standards
Addressing
  • HSN-Q.A.1·Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
  • N-Q.1·Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
  • N-Q.1·Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
  • N-Q.1·Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.

15 min

15 min