Using Diagrams to Represent Multiplication

5 min

Teacher Prep
Setup
Display one multiple-choice problem at a time. 30 seconds of quiet think time per problem, followed by a brief whole-class discussion.

Narrative

In this Warm-up, students review multiplication of decimals and estimate the size of a product given the size of the decimal factors. They explain why their estimates are reasonable based on their understanding of place value and multiplication.

To make reasonable estimates, students need to look for and make use of structure (MP7). In explaining why their choice is the best estimate, students need to be precise in their word choice and use of language (MP6).

Launch

Tell students to close their books or devices (or to keep them closed). Explain that they will see four multiplication expressions, displayed one at a time. For each expression, there will be three possible estimates of its value. Their job is to select the best estimate and to be able to explain why it is the best.

Reveal one expression at a time. For each expression:

  • Give students 30 seconds of quiet think time, and ask them to give a signal when they have an answer and a strategy.
  • Invite students to share their strategies, and record and display their responses for all to see.
  • Ask others if they agree or disagree, and if they would like to offer alternative explanations.

Student Task

For each multiplication expression, choose the best estimate of its value. Be prepared to explain your reasoning.

  1. (6.8)(2.3)(6.8) \boldcdot (2.3)

    • 1.40
    • 14
    • 140
  2. 74(8.1)74 \boldcdot (8.1)

    • 5.6
    • 56
    • 560
  3. 166(0.09)166 \boldcdot (0.09)

    • 1.66
    • 16.6
    • 166
  4. (3.4)(1.9)(3.4) \boldcdot (1.9)

    • 6.5
    • 65
    • 650

Sample Response

  1. 14. Sample response: Round 6.8 to 7 and 2.3 to 2, and multiply. 72=147 \boldcdot 2=14
  2. 560. Sample response: Round 74 to 70 and 8.1 to 8, and multiply. 708=56070 \boldcdot 8=560
  3. 16.6. Sample response: Round 0.09 to 0.1, and multiply. 166 (0.1)=16.6166 \boldsymbol \boldcdot (0.1)=16.6
  4. 6.5. Sample response: Round 3.4 to 3 and 1.9 to 2, and multiply. 32=63 \boldcdot 2=6, and 6.5 is closest to 6.
Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

Focus the discussion on how the given factors can inform our estimate of each product. Emphasize that even if we were to calculate the products precisely, we can use estimation and our understanding of place value to check if our answers make sense.

Anticipated Misconceptions

Students who know how to perform multiplication computation and use a “count the number of decimal places'' strategy might mix that method with estimation in placing the decimal point. For example, to estimate 74(8.1)74 \boldcdot (8.1), they might round the factors to 70 and 8 and find a product of 560. Seeing that there is a total of 1 place after the decimal point in the original factors, they place the decimal point to the left of the last digit and choose 56 as their answer. Prompt students to think about the reasonableness of their answer relative to the factors (for instance, ask if 56 is a reasonable product of 70 and 8).

Standards
Building On
  • 5.NBT.7·Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.
  • 5.NBT.B.7·Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths, using concrete models or drawings and strategies based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction; relate the strategy to a written method and explain the reasoning used.

20 min