Revisiting Proportional Relationships

5 min

Teacher Prep
Setup
Students in groups of 2. 1 minute of quiet work time followed by partner and whole-class discussions.

Narrative

The purpose of this Warm-up is to bring up two main methods for figuring out missing numbers in a table that represents a proportional relationship. The two methods students might use for this activity are:

  • Using a scale factor to find equivalent ratios, for example multiplying the first row by 1121 \frac12 to get the second row.
  • Using the constant of proportionality, 2, between the first column and the second column.

This activity is to get students thinking about the second method as a more efficient method, since it works for every row. This lays the groundwork for solving problems using proportional relationships and for the activities in this lesson.

Launch

Introduce the context of this activity by asking students, “When it is hot outside, what do you like to drink to refresh yourself?” Then, explain that people in Mexico make a drink called agua fresca (AH-gwah FREH-skah) by blending fresh fruit with water and ice.

Arrange students in groups of 2. Give 1 minute of quiet work time followed by time to compare their table with a partner. Then hold a whole-class discussion.

Student Task

A recipe for watermelon agua fresca calls for 12\frac12 cup of cubed, seeded watermelon and 1 cup of ice. Complete the table to show how much watermelon and ice to use in different numbers of batches of the recipe.

watermelon (cups) ice (cups)
12\frac12 1
34\frac34
1341\frac34
1
2122\frac12

Sample Response

watermelon (cups) ice (cups)
12\frac12 11
34\frac34 1121 \frac 12
78\frac 78 1341\frac34
11 22
1141 \frac 14 2122\frac12
Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

The purpose of this discussion is to contrast two different methods for completing the table: using scale factors between rows and using the constant of proportionality between columns.

Display the table for all to see, and invite students to share their answers and reasoning for each missing entry. Record their ideas directly on the table if possible. Ask students if they agree or disagree with the values in the table.

To help students compare, contrast, and connect the different approaches, consider asking:

  • “Why do the different approaches lead to the same outcome?”
  • “Are there any benefits or drawbacks to one approach compared to another?”

If not mentioned by students, highlight that the constant of proportionality is the same for every row in the table, while the scale factor may differ for each pair of rows.
 

Anticipated Misconceptions

Some students may assume the watermelon column will continue to increase by the same amount if they do not pay close attention to the values in the ice column. Ask these students what they notice about the values in the ice column and if it makes sense for the watermelon amount to increase by the same amount each time.

Standards
Building On
  • 6.RP.3·Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
  • 6.RP.A.3·Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.
Building Toward
  • 7.RP.1·Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. <em>For example, if a person walks 1/2 mile in each 1/4 hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction <sup>1/2</sup>/<sub>1/4</sub> miles per hour, equivalently 2 miles per hour.</em>
  • 7.RP.2·Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.
  • 7.RP.A.1·Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions, including ratios of lengths, areas and other quantities measured in like or different units. <span>For example, if a person walks <span class="math">\(1/2\)</span> mile in each <span class="math">\(1/4\)</span> hour, compute the unit rate as the complex fraction <span class="math">\(\frac{1/2}{1/4}\)</span> miles per hour, equivalently <span class="math">\(2\)</span> miles per hour.</span>
  • 7.RP.A.2·Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

15 min

10 min