Similar Polygons

5 min

Teacher Prep
Setup
Display all 3 statements. Ask students to decide whether each of the statements is always, sometimes, or never true and give a signal when they have reasoning to support their decision.

Narrative

This Math Talk focuses on congruence and similarity. It encourages students to think about the similarities and differences between the two terms and to rely on what they know about dilations and rigid transformations to mentally solve problems. The understanding elicited here will be helpful later in the lesson when students determine if two figures are similar or not.

In explaining whether a statement is always true, sometimes true, or never true, students need to be precise in their word choice and use of language (MP6). 

Launch

Tell students to close their books or devices (or to keep them closed). Reveal one problem at a time. For each problem:

  • Give students quiet think time and ask them to give a signal when they have an answer and a strategy.

  • Invite students to share their strategies and record and display their responses for all to see.

  • Use the questions in the activity synthesis to involve more students in the conversation before moving to the next problem. 

Keep all previous problems and work displayed throughout the talk.

Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions. To support working memory, provide students with sticky notes or mini whiteboards.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Organization

Student Task

Decide mentally whether each statement is always true, sometimes true, or never true.

  • If two figures are congruent, then they are similar.

  • If two figures are similar, then they are congruent.

  • If a triangle is dilated with the center of dilation at one of its vertices, the side lengths of the new triangle will change.

  • If a triangle is dilated with the center of dilation at one of its vertices, the angle measures of the triangle will change.

Sample Response

  • Always true. Sample reasoning: Congruent figures can be taken from one to the other by using translations, rotations, and reflections. Similar figures use these same transformations, but also use dilations. If we don’t do a dilation, the figures are still similar.

  • Sometimes true. Similar figures can be taken from one to the other using translations, rotations, reflections, and dilations. Congruent figures do not allow dilations. Sample reasoning: Two figures can be similar but be different sizes, like a square with side length 1 and a square with side length 2. These figures are not congruent, but 2 squares with the same side length would be similar and congruent.

  • Sometimes true. Sample reasoning: The side lengths of the new triangle will change based on the scale factor. The side lengths will not change when the scale factor is 1.

  • Never true. Sample reasoning: While a dilation will change the side lengths of the triangle (unless the scale factor is 1), the angle measures will always stay the same.

Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

To involve more students in the conversation, consider asking:

  • “Who can restate \underline{\hspace{.5in}}’s reasoning in a different way?”

  • “Did anyone use the same strategy but would explain it differently?”

  • “Did anyone solve the problem in a different way?”

  • “Does anyone want to add on to \underline{\hspace{.5in}}’s strategy?”

  • “Do you agree or disagree? Why?”

  • “What connections to previous problems do you see?”

MLR8 Discussion Supports. Display sentence frames to support students when they explain their strategy, such as “First, I _____ because . . . .” or “I agree because . . . .” Some students may benefit from the opportunity to rehearse what they will say with a partner before they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking, Representing
Standards
Addressing
  • 8.G.2·Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
  • 8.G.4·Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.
  • 8.G.A.2·Understand that a two-dimensional figure is congruent to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; given two congruent figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the congruence between them.
  • 8.G.A.4·Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar two-dimensional figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.

10 min

15 min