Powers of Powers of 10

5 min

Teacher Prep
Setup
3 minutes quiet work time followed by whole-class discussion.

Narrative

The purpose of this Warm-up is to introduce the idea of raising a value with an exponent to another power. Computing the volume of a cube whose side lengths are themselves powers of 10 introduces the basic structure of a power to a power, which will lead to a general exponent rule in later activities.

Monitor for students who use different strategies, such as counting zeros to keep track of place value or writing 10,000 as 10410^4 and then using exponent rules.

Launch

Give students 1–2 minutes of quiet work time followed by a brief whole-class discussion.

Student Task

What is the volume of a giant cube that measures 10,000 km on each side? Be prepared to explain your reasoning.

Sample Response

1,000,000,000,000 km3. Sample reasoning: 104104104=10(4+4+4)=101210^4 \boldcdot 10^4 \boldcdot 10^4=10^{(4+4+4)}=10^{12} 

Activity Synthesis (Teacher Notes)

The purpose of this discussion is to introduce the idea that 104104104=(104)3,10^4\boldcdot10^4\boldcdot 10^4=(10^4)^3, which is equal to 101210^{12} before this pattern is generalized in a following activity. 

Invite previously identified students to share their strategies for computing the volume. If not brought up in students’ explanations, show students the strategy of re-writing 10,000 as a power of 10 and raising 10410^4 to the power of 3. Ask students what patterns they notice between (104)3(10^4)^3 and 101210^{12}. If students mention the strategy of counting zeros to multiply powers of 10, emphasize that the exponent describes the number of factors that are multiplied together and not necessarily the number of zeros. 

Standards
Addressing
  • 8.EE.1·Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. <em>For example, 3² × 3<sup>-5</sup> = 3<sup>-3</sup> = 1/3³ = 1/27.</em>
  • 8.EE.A.1·Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions. <span>For example, <span class="math">\(3^2\times3^{-5} = 3^{-3} = 1/3^3 = 1/27\)</span>.</span>
Building Toward
  • 8.EE.4·Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.
  • 8.EE.A.4·Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and choose units of appropriate size for measurements of very large or very small quantities (e.g., use millimeters per year for seafloor spreading). Interpret scientific notation that has been generated by technology.

15 min