For example, segment $AB$ is translated right 3 and down 2.

For example, reflecting the point $A$ whose coordinates are $(2,\text-1)$ across the $x$-axis changes the sign of the $y$-coordinate, making its image the point $A’$ whose coordinates are $(2,1)$. Reflecting the point $A$ across the $y$-axis changes the sign of the $x$-coordinate, making the image the point $A’’$ whose coordinates are $(\text-2,\text-1)$.

We don’t have the tools yet to describe rotations in terms of coordinates in general. Here is an example of a $90^\circ$ rotation with center $(0,0)$ in a counterclockwise direction.

Point $A$ has coordinates $(0,0)$. Segment $AB$ is rotated $90^\circ$ counterclockwise around $A$. Point $B$ with coordinates $(2,3)$ rotates to point $B’$ whose coordinates are $(\text-3,2)$.