Using Fractions to Multiply Decimals

Student Summary

We can use fractions like 110\frac{1}{10} and 1100\frac{1}{100} to reason about the location of the decimal point in a product of two decimals.  

Let’s take 24(0.1)24 \boldcdot (0.1) as an example. There are several ways to find the product:

  • We can interpret it as 24 groups of 1 tenth (or 24 tenths), which is 2.4.
  • We can think of it as 2411024 \boldcdot \frac{1}{10}, which is equal to 2410\frac {24}{10} (and also equal to 2.4).
  • Because multiplying by 110\frac {1}{10} has the same result as dividing by 10, we can also think of it as 24÷1024 \div 10, which is equal to 2.4.

Similarly, we can think of (0.7)(0.09)(0.7) \boldcdot (0.09) as 7 tenths times 9 hundredths, and write:

(7 110)(9 1100)\displaystyle \left(7 \boldcdot  \frac {1}{10}\right) \boldcdot \left(9 \boldcdot  \frac {1}{100}\right)

We can rearrange the whole numbers and fractions:

(79)( 110 1100)\displaystyle (7 \boldcdot 9) \boldcdot \left( \frac {1}{10} \boldcdot  \frac {1}{100}\right)

This tells us that (0.7)(0.09)=0.063(0.7) \boldcdot (0.09) = 0.063.

6311,000=631,000\displaystyle 63 \boldcdot \frac {1}{1,000} = \frac {63}{1,000}

Here is another example: To find (1.5)(0.43)(1.5) \boldcdot (0.43), we can think of 1.5 as 15 tenths and 0.43 as 43 hundredths. We can write the tenths and hundredths as fractions and rearrange the factors.

(15110)(431100)=1543 11,000\displaystyle \left(15 \boldcdot \frac{1}{10}\right) \boldcdot \left(43 \boldcdot \frac{1}{100}\right) = 15 \boldcdot 43 \boldcdot \frac{1}{1,000}

Multiplying 15 and 43 gives us 645, and multiplying 110\frac{1}{10} and 1100\frac{1}{100} gives us 11,000\frac{1}{1,000}. So (1.5)(0.43)(1.5) \boldcdot (0.43) is 64511,000645 \boldcdot \frac{1}{1,000}, which is 0.645.

Visual / Anchor Chart

Standards

Building On
5.NBT.2

5.NBT.7

5.NBT.A.2

5.NBT.B.7

Addressing
6.EE.A

6.EE.A

6.NS.B

6.NS.B