Using Fractions to Multiply Decimals

Student Summary

We can use fractions like 110\frac{1}{10} and 1100\frac{1}{100} to reason about the location of the decimal point in a product of two decimals.  

Let’s take 24⋅(0.1)24 \boldcdot (0.1) as an example. There are several ways to find the product:

  • We can interpret it as 24 groups of 1 tenth (or 24 tenths), which is 2.4.
  • We can think of it as 24⋅11024 \boldcdot \frac{1}{10}, which is equal to 2410\frac {24}{10} (and also equal to 2.4).
  • Because multiplying by 110\frac {1}{10} has the same result as dividing by 10, we can also think of it as 24÷1024 \div 10, which is equal to 2.4.

Similarly, we can think of (0.7)⋅(0.09)(0.7) \boldcdot (0.09) as 7 tenths times 9 hundredths, and write:

(7⋅ 110)⋅(9⋅ 1100)\displaystyle \left(7 \boldcdot  \frac {1}{10}\right) \boldcdot \left(9 \boldcdot  \frac {1}{100}\right)

We can rearrange the whole numbers and fractions:

(7⋅9)⋅( 110⋅ 1100)\displaystyle (7 \boldcdot 9) \boldcdot \left( \frac {1}{10} \boldcdot  \frac {1}{100}\right)

This tells us that (0.7)⋅(0.09)=0.063(0.7) \boldcdot (0.09) = 0.063.

63⋅11,000=631,000\displaystyle 63 \boldcdot \frac {1}{1,000} = \frac {63}{1,000}

Here is another example: To find (1.5)⋅(0.43)(1.5) \boldcdot (0.43), we can think of 1.5 as 15 tenths and 0.43 as 43 hundredths. We can write the tenths and hundredths as fractions and rearrange the factors.

(15⋅110)⋅(43⋅1100)=15⋅43 ⋅11,000\displaystyle \left(15 \boldcdot \frac{1}{10}\right) \boldcdot \left(43 \boldcdot \frac{1}{100}\right) = 15 \boldcdot 43 \boldcdot \frac{1}{1,000}

Multiplying 15 and 43 gives us 645, and multiplying 110\frac{1}{10} and 1100\frac{1}{100} gives us 11,000\frac{1}{1,000}. So (1.5)⋅(0.43)(1.5) \boldcdot (0.43) is 645⋅11,000645 \boldcdot \frac{1}{1,000}, which is 0.645.

Visual / Anchor Chart

Standards

Building On
5.NBT.2

Use whole-number exponents to denote powers of 10.

5.NBT.7

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths.

Addressing
6.EE.A

No additional information available.

6.NS.B

No additional information available.